And these very conditions mean that some forests will not come back, and more landscapes will turn to arid and semiarid grassland. Each year more of what’s left will burn. A few days ago, I studied a U.S. drought map and the entire West was in some degree of drought and much of that not merely a recent phenomenon; at my home on the North Coast we are ending our second rain season at approximately half of normal and some say we’re actually in a multi-decades drought that is only interrupted from time to time with rainy years. As for here and now, though, nine months have made a significant difference; grasses and a few forbs are returning...

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