According to a 1998 “Physics Today” report, the “estimated costs of U.S. nuclear weapons arms race, 1940-1996” (in ’96 dollars) was $5.8 trillion. A year later, in a letter to the editor of the NY Times, Stephen Schwartz, Publisher of the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, put the figure at $5.5 trillion. We needn’t quibble; the costs were close to $6 trillion dollars and do not include other defense-related activities, which were a large multiple of this amount. In August 1945, fueled by the earliest combustion of those dollars, the U.S. dropped two small (15 kiloton) atomic bombs on Japanese cities and their civilian populations,...

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